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KMID : 1138720190450010071
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Korean Public Health Research
2019 Volume.45 No. 1 p.71 ~ p.81
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The Structural Analysis of Influences of Mortality Change on the Life Expectancy at Birth in Korea: 1985~2015
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Yoo Yeong-Hyeon
Lee Jae-Hyung
Park Sang-Hwa
Lim Dar-Oh
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Abstract
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the contribution of life expectancy to changes in mortality due to age, gender and sign in Korea.
Methods: This study used the life table data (1985~2015) and analyzed the data of the death statistics of the National Statistical Office in 2005 and 2015 (Categorization data by ICD-10). The contribution of different ages, sexes and causes of death to the change in life expectancy at birth during the 1985~2015 was estimated with a decomposition technique developed by Arriaga.
Results: The contribution to the average life span after age 65 of 1985~1995 was 5.12 years for men between 1995 and 2005, and 4.60 years for women between 1985~1995. The contribution to life expectancy at age 0 in 2005~2015 was significantly smaller than at other periods, while the age group at 45 years and older contributed significantly. Particularly, since age 75, the contribution to life expectancy after 2005 has been significantly larger than in other periods.
From 1985 to 2015, the most significant contributors to the average life span for 30 years were 55~64 for men and 65~74 for women and 2.78 and 2.66 for men and women, respectively. The contribution to the average life span of 65~74 years between 2005 and 2015 was 1.18 years for males and 0.88 years for males, respectively. In particular, since the age of 65 and older, the contribution to life expectancy at age 0 is relatively small after 1995, while the contribution of life expectancy at middle age to elderly people is relatively low (0.94 years (18.36%) and 0.96 years (26.89%) and the increase in the number of patients.
The contribution of expected life expectancy to gender difference was found to be the highest contribution group in 65~74 age group in all of 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 years. In particular, the contribution of 1.80 years (22.36%) in the 65~74 age group in 2005 was the most influential on the gender difference in life expectancy among the four years. In recent years, the contribution of gender gap in life expectancy to elderly people aged 55~74 in order of age 65~74 (1.57), 75 years (1.57), and 55~64 (1.22), respectively. On the other hand, the contribution was small in the age group below 35 years.
Male positive contributors from 2005 to 2015 were malignant neoplasms(1.114 years), cerebrovascular diseases (0.796 years) and traffic accidents(0.285 years). The positive contributory sign of women was cerebrovascular diseases(0.904 years), malignant neoplasms(0.495 years) and diabetes mellitus(0.275 years).
Conclusions: The reductions in these causes of death were the main contributors to the increase of life expectancy. Accordingly the improvement of the mortality of elderly people will contribute largely to the increase in life expectancy.
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KEYWORD
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Mortality, Life Expectancy, Causes of Death, Life Table
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